PROJECT 1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1

Undertaking 1 - Essay Example Business culture will in general make bargains that influence training in a negative way. There is an expansion in the degree of mystery that worries research. The explanation is that the corporate world will in general offer sponsorship to consider. The mystery makes space for benefits. The creator contends that pioneering learning will in general be an achievement for the time being. Nonetheless, the foundations that have a central spotlight on the scholastic qualities will in general develop as the achievement, over the long haul. The frameworks additionally will in general accomplish open trust that is a premise of the capacity to beat fundamental rewarding endeavors. Thus, in spite of the craving to win benefits, the scholastic greatness is the autonomous variable for any instructive foundation. Some other analyses raise the level that outcomes in the impact of interests. For example, most pioneering frameworks experience issues in distributing assets for research in the diverse examination fields. The case may prompt breakdown of such foundations, over the long haul. The distribution centers around the negative effect of commercializing training. The book plots the move in center from review understudies as run of the mill customers entire school has the assessment of an item. The mentors in the class have a perspective on being specialist co-ops instead of being advisers for the whole preparing process. The creator calls attention to that commercialization of instruction are subject to globalization. The other perspective that causes commercialization is the ascent of sound innovation. The issue of joblessness and the hole between the wealthy in the economy and the individuals who don't have additionally goes about as a maker of business instruction. Commercialization of instruction has made the genuine part of figuring out how to change. The schools will in general utilize hard terms of the understudies in an offer to win new clients. The understudies, then again, learn with the end goal of breezing through the test as opposed to increasing new information. At the end of the day, instruction is the obtaining of

The Relationship Between Customer Satisfaction And Organisational Profitability Finance Essay

The Relationship Between Customer Satisfaction And Organizational Profitability Finance Essay It is verifiable truth that the objective of any association is to address the issues and the prerequisites of its partners. Fulfilling this need won't just guarantee the endurance of the association yet additionally permit it to prosper. Among the few partners, clients are ventured to be one of the most significant partners as no association can endure and prevail without them. Appropriately, advertisers accentuate on look into in the zone of purchaser conduct and especially social aim. Information on shopper conduct will go far in guaranteeing viable advertising arrangements towards the enthusiasm of clients which will in the long run encourages positive client mentality towards the associations. All the more particularly, since client social aim is a solid sign of his real conduct. 2. Because of money related division progression in Sri Lanka in the 1979, the financial area encountered a blast. Low section necessities, for example, capital of Rs 10 million by the administrative power and the high premiums that could be earned through outside trade business prompted the speedy passage by new players into the rewarding financial industry. In Sri Lanka between the time of 1979 to 2011 the quantity of business banks rose from 11 to 32 (Central Bank of Sri Lanka-CBSL)Â [6]Â 3. The financial business is profoundly serious, with banks contending among one another; yet in addition with non-banks and other money related organizations (Hull, 2002)â [7]â . Most bank item improvements are anything but difficult to copy and when banks offer about indistinguishable types of assistance, they can just separate themselves based on cost and quality. Along these lines, client maintenance is conceivably a powerful apparatus that banks can use to increase a key preferred position and make due in todays ever-expanding banking serious condition. Most of Sri Lankan business banks are possesses by Sri Lanka Banking organizations and the States and they are very little broadened as far as the items and administrations they offer. In this manner practically all banks are offered practically indistinguishable items to their clients. Mendzela, was of the view that it means that bank arriving at the development period of the item lifecycle and has become commoditized. One vital center that banks can actualize to stay serious is hold the same number of clients as possibleâ [8]â . 4. As talked about before, money related segment has demonstrated exceptional development after deregulation in Sri Lanka. The Sri Lankan money related markets have encountered radical changes after budgetary progression during 1979 and that incites rivalry among monetary establishments particularly in banking area. This opposition prompts the presentation of client arranged items in the market to meet the desires for clients. Fulfillment is a multidimensional develop which has been conceptualized as an essential for building connections and is commonly portrayed as the full gathering of ones desires (Oliver, 1980). 5. The most noteworthy pattern, applicable to all enterprises, which describes in 21st century, is extreme rivalry between organizations. In current operational condition, characterized by consistent change and vulnerability, associations are compelled to look for better approaches to accomplish the upper hand. This is especially valid for money related administrations industry where deregulation has acquired a significant decision for clients fulfilling their requirements. Banks have high money related influence capital structure, where clients bank stores are considered as a bank obligation. Accordingly, client turnover may result in lessening net revenue as well as in budgetary administrations supplier presence. Aside from that, faithfulness and fulfillment bringing about changing to another monetary administrations supplier might be utilized as an upper hand for procurement new piece of the pie alluring purchasers of the contender. 6. Consumer loyalty has become fascinating apparatus for business saves money with the opposition and it has become a training to keep client fulfilled by banks, as fulfilled clients will upgrade client steadfastness towards their banks which will at last improve banks execution and productivity. The significance of consumer loyalty can't be excused in light of the fact that glad clients resemble free promoting. Huge numbers of us have known about the present pattern for organizations to turn out to be exceptionally client driven, that is to put the client at the focal point of our business regarding our methodologies, activities and procedures. For the greater part of us, old realities despite everything hold well, with the way things are simpler and more beneficial to offer to existing clients than to discover new ones. Practically speaking, associations are progressively setting themselves methodologies to gauge and guarantee client maintenance, and charging their staff to be more client centered and administration arranged. BACK GROUND OF THE STUDY 7. As indicated by Central Bank of Sri Lanka the general execution of Licensed Commercial Banks (LCBs) stayed sound because of improved benefit and the fortifying of their capital position. The exercises of LCBs extended at a moderate pace in the primary portion of 2010. All out resources of the LCBs extended by Rs. 139 billion or 5.5 percent because of a development in loaning exercises combined with an expansion in interest in government protections and the values advertise. In the mean time, stores expanded by four percent or Rs. 74 billion as against 9 percent in the earlier year because of the lower financing costs that won in the market during the periodâ [9]â . 8. As referenced before, banking area has indicated extraordinary development after deregulation in Sri Lanka. Sri Lankan money related markets experienced intense changes after advancement during mid 1979 that incites extreme rivalry among budgetary establishments particularly in banking division. This opposition prompts the presentation of client orientedd items in the market to meet the desires for clients. 9. As indicated by the Fitch Ratings (2012)â [10]â , Sri Lankan financial segment is focused and overwhelmed by open segment banks that represented about portion of segment resources at end of 2010. The six enormous banks recognized as Systemically Important Banks (SIB)Â [11]Â accounted for 64 percent of part resources at end of 2010. They are Bank of Ceylon,Commercial Bank, Hatton National Bank, Peoples Bank, Sampath Bank and Seylan Bank. Fitch evaluations has additionally brought up that the Sri Lankan financial framework encountered a solid upswing in benefit in 2010, with ROA expanding to 1.8 percent, essentially over the 1.1 percent normal in 2000-2009, generally because of a decrease in credit costs. Notwithstanding, gainfulness diminished in 2011, with the segment posting a ROA of 1.6 percent, generally because of the withdrawal in net intrigue edges (NIMs) with heightening rivalry. 10. Almazari(2011)â [12]â was of the view that money related execution of a bank is its arrival on venture, return on resources, esteem increases and net resources estimation of a bank assesses how the bank has utilized it advantages for produce income. Further Almazari has brought up that absolute resources of a bank likewise help to assess how well a bank is utilizing its assets to make a benefit. Absolute resources of business banks in Sri Lanka for the periods 2007-2011 is given beneath. The cutting edge business world has extended and rivalry has been made among organizations dependent on the benefit. Budgetary administrations and help gave by the financial area in Sri Lanka is at the top. These banks give offices not exclusively to standard individuals yet in addition for agents. Consumer loyalty assumes an essential job in any fruitful business association in todays business technique. To go ahead through this business banks need to contend with one another to accomplish their objectives, while satisfying the fundamental necessities to fulfill their clients. At the earliest reference point, the primary reason for building up banks were to give advantage for chosen rich individuals, yet at present, all degrees of individuals are profited and gotten the administrations from banks which have being extended everywhere throughout the nation. The present financial industry in everywhere throughout the world is experiencing tempestuous occasions. In Sri Lanka with the bringing down of passage obstructions and obscuring product offerings of banks and non-banks since the budgetary part changes, banks are working progressively under serious weights. This circumstance has made banks to keep up faithful client base for singular banks. So as to keep up a devoted client base and improve their market and benefit positions, practically all the banks are coordinating their systems towards expanding consumer loyalty and dependability through improved help quality. In the present serious Sri Lankan financial setting, portrayed by quick change and progressively advanced clients, it has become significant that banks in Sri Lanka too to decide the administration quality components which are appropriate to the clients choice procedure. Consequently the present issue for the financial business in Sri Lanka is to decide the dimensionality o f client impression of administration quality. This is provided that administration quality measurements can be recognized, bank ought to have the option to improve the conveyance of client impression of value during the administration procedure and have more noteworthy power over the general result. Corresponding to client steadfastness all banks in Sri Lanka has embraced different projects to keep clients fulfilled however as per conversation did before, open household banks are performing better than the administration possessed banks in the nation. 12. Fundamentally, Banks Profitability is estimated with two significant proportions that of Return on Average Assets and Return on Average Equity. Profit for Average Assets and Return on Average Equity of five enormous business banks are for the p

To Read or to Listen, That Is the Question

To Read or to Listen, That Is the Question This is a guest post from Sadie Trombetta. Sadie is a freelance writer and self proclaimed foodie living in the greater Boston area. She is a ravenous reader, Netflix addict, and nature enthusiast who can usually be found hiking up one mountain or another with at least four books in her backpack. Shes a passionate feminist whose hobbies include cooking, crafting, and yoga. Sadies writing has appeared in numerous online publications including Bustle, Ravishly, BookBub, The Kitchn, and Redbook. Her versatile work covers a range of topics including womens issues, literature, cooking, health wellness, and news. Follow her on Twitter  @lady_strombetta. Paperback or hardcover, digital or print, physical or audio, I’m addicted to books of every size, shape, and form, which is why, whenever it comes time to buy a new one, I find myself questioning: what kind should I get? In my decades of experience, I’ve come up with a pretty good system for deciding. For the longest time, I was a strictly physical book reader. I scoffed at e-readers, rolled my eyes at the mere idea of audiobooks, and harshly judged anyone whose digital library was bigger than their physical one. But as I got older, traveled more, and began reading out of the home more often than I read inside the home, I started to see the benefits of alternatives to my traditional paperbacks and hardcovers. I slowly started dabbling in other forms of reading, and it didn’t take me long to realize that holding a slim Kindle on the train or listening to a book through headphones at the gym is a lot easier than juggling an actual book. It took even less time for me to come up with a system for deciding what kinds of books to get in which form. Like any true book-lover, I know that I will never get rid of my library â€" I still aspire to have a Belle-esque room filled with every book ever written â€" but I have come to learn there is a time, a place, and a genre for every form of book. And while a lot of it may depend on personal taste, I think there are a few general rules of thumb when it comes to one of the hardest questions a book-lover can be faced to ask: to read, to click through, or to listen? When you read a physical book,  it requires both mental and physical effort, because not only does your brain have to process the words on the page in front of you, but your body has to stay still long enough to keep the pages in front of you . The story you read has to be captivating enough to keep your attention, to keep you seated, and to keep you motivated to hold your arms up. When you commit yourself to a physical book, you commit yourself to hours of not just reading, but to carry around extra weight, to submit yourself to potential paper cuts, to subject your shoulders and your neck to the strain of holding a heavy novel. I know I’m making reading sound more dramatic, and perhaps more dangerous, than it really is, but the truth is that reading a physical book is a lot of work, so when you decide to put the effort in, you expect a story that’s worth every turn of the page. That’s why when I decide to read a physical book, I pick something that is quite literally a page-turner: thrillers, mysteries, horror books, and dramatic stories. When my brain is occupied trying to solve the crime, uncover the secrets, or guess the ending, my body is too distracted to care about staying still. In many ways, e-readers require the same physical effort that reading bound books does: you have to hold onto a physical item and stay still long enough to actually read what is in front of you. But with an e-reader, the effort is minimized because of the size and convenience of electronic devices. That’s why, when deciding what to get in digital form, I usually go with longer books I would otherwise hate to lug around in my bag: science fiction, lengthy fantasies, and historical fiction. With the help of an e-reader, a 1,200 space opera isn’t nearly as intimidating (or as heavy) as the printed and bound version. Audiobooks, on the other hand, don’t require any physical commitment, but they do require mental endurance. Unlike physical books, or even e-readers, audiobooks don’t allow you to skim the pages or skip ahead to dialogue, and they don’t let you check out of the story, either. Because there is nothing physically in front of you to look at and reference, audiobooks force readers to pay more attention, lest they miss an important detail and have to “rewind” the story. That’s why nonfiction books and essay collections work well in audiobook form: they’re loaded with information, but their structure makes it easier for listeners to get the whole story, and the syntax generally translates well in spoken form. Listening to a nonfiction audiobook is just like listening to a long podcast: you can learn and absorb a lot that you might have otherwise missed if you were reading about it on paper. What you read and how you read is highly dependent upon your own personal preferences, but take it from someone whos done it all: you fan find the right fit, no matter the story, no matter the form, no matter the preference. That’s just the power of reading.

Technology And Its Effects On Our Lives Essay - 1792 Words

Everyday technology is manipulated and used by many people around the world. Technology describes the usage of technical means to interact with life, society, and environment, through an electronic device that is applied by science. Many people are slowly becoming attached to technology and relying on more of these resources because it makes their life easier. However, technology is slowly hurting a ton of people by being smartphone dependent, reducing our communication skills and disabling people from being productive. Many people are dependent on their smartphones. First of all, various individuals who use these cell phones are regularly on it. These problems happen when people are giving their undivided attention to their smartphones which causes them to ignoring the people nearby and not paying attention to their surroundings while they are moving from one place to another. Additionally, smartphones are slowly transitioning to our life where everyone will have a need for them and rely on them for any problem that arises in their life. Smartphones are becoming more advanced with the limitless supply of better quality phones, accessibility to the Internet, different apps, and other entertainment. As a result, the numerous commodities present in the technological development of smartphones is a distraction to everyone who uses one. The evolution from the first cell phone called the handheld Motorola to the unbreakable Nokia then the flip phones and the making of theShow MoreRelatedTechnology And Its Effect On Our Lives1199 Words   |  5 PagesTechnology is helping us to advance in the world. When we talk about technology, most people’s first thoughts would be about phones, laptops, the internet etc. This is because every single argument I found against technology is talking about how we waste so much time on devices and how it is ruining human interactions and real life communication. What they don’t know is that while it does do all of these things, there are some good things that technology has brought upon us. Some examples are thatRead MoreEffects Of Technology On Our Lives1065 Words   |  5 PagesWe live in an age where technology is practically unavoidable if you live in a developed area. We don’t realize how much we really rely on technology in almost every facet of our lives. It’s a known fact that it is almost inevitable it will keep advancing, which is imperative to our development; but what about its social effects? There is no doubt in anybody’s mind that technology has definitely helped keep people in better contact than ever before, but the in-person interaction has actually hadRead MoreTechnology And Its Effect On Our Lives864 Words   |  4 Pages Technology We live in a society that is completely obsessed with the invention of technology, which has both a negative or positive effect on our lives. Technology has taken over the twenty first century, showing us how powerful it actually can be. Coming in contact with the invention of technology every day, it is hard not to excel in how to operate it. Once we have accomplished how to properly perform the duties on certain technology, we may become more addicted to it although most of usRead MoreTechnology And Its Effects On Our Lives1402 Words   |  6 PagesEveryday technology is manipulated and used by many people around the world. Technology describes the usage of technical means to interact with life, society, and environment, through an electronical device that is applied by science. Many people are slowly becoming attached to technology and relying on more of these resources because it makes their life easier. However, technology is slowly hurting a ton of people by being smartphone dependent, reducing our communication skills and disabling peopleRead MoreTechnology And Its Effects On Our Lives1499 Words   |  6 PagesNeuroimaging technology Madeline Johnson 242015 ECH 2025 001 As time has advanced so has technology; the world has watches that along with telling what time it is the watch also tells us who is calling us and how we slept at night. Along with so many other amazing inventions for our daily life there have been miraculous milestones with our neuroimaging inventions; scans range from being able to tell us where our brain is functioning during a task to allowing us to catch diseases such as cancerRead MoreEffects Of Technology On Our Lives1679 Words   |  7 Pagespeople use technology eleven hours of the average waking hours of sixteen to eighteen. That is sixty one to sixty eight percent of waking time on technology. Overuse of any thing is unhealthy, especially overuse with so many adverse effects. Technology has three main categories of unhealthy effects. Physical, Mental/Emotional, and Social/Environmental. Because of its wide range of unhealthy effects on several aspects of life its use should be limited. Technology has unhealthy effects on many aspectsRead MoreTechnology And Its Effect On Our Lives1756 Words   |  8 PagesI. 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However, people do not realize all that we are losing, as we gain techn ological knowledge. In the eighties having a cellphone was a luxuryRead MoreEffects Of Technology And Media On Our Lives958 Words   |  4 PagesEffects of Technology and Media in our lives With the advancement in media and technology, almost anything is possible nowadays. Looking back a couple years ago, people did no have cellphones, computers or televisions to occupy and make their lives easier. With the development of these products and more, people are able to communicate and do work much faster and more efficiently. Society has come a long way with technology and media and to say that there are no negatives to them would be falseRead MoreThe Effects Of Media And Technology On Our Lives1828 Words   |  8 Pagesyou can to survive. Notice, I stressed the word â€Å"seem†, because I want us to explore the current generation of growing African American males and the effect of media and technology in their lives. Studies show that media images have a large impact on perceptions when the viewers have less real world experience with the topic. In an age where technology brings together different ideals, cultures and belief systems through the Internet and soc ial media, one can assume that accurate stories are being

Duty Of A Service Relationship - 1929 Words

Fiduciary duty is a service relationship whereby the individual that owes the duty or the trust, such as the board of directors to the individual empowering the trust, such as the shareholder, performs a service. The board of directors carry out the services to the best of their ability on behalf of the individuals empowering them with that authority. Directors or board member’s responsibilities are to be aware not only of the Witten laws- statutes, thing that they are responsible for but also to unwritten law- precedent and their duties. These duties are: duties of care, diligence, obedience, loyalty and so on. Fiduciary duty or duty of care is exercising a judgement that is reasonable an important person would exhibit and process of†¦show more content†¦Duty of loyalty is important for the survival of an organization and its stakeholders. For example, the director of a company when issuing shares to the public creates an obligation in the part of the company to the shareholders. The directors of a company by using the shareholders’ investment must make sure that he/she does not create any conflict of interests between the company objectives, the shareholders, the managers and all the staff. Using the shareholders’ money to create an economic benefit to the directors only is considered to be a breach of fiduciary duties. In contrast, the directors must act in the best interest of the company and the shareholders. While performing its duties and responsibilities, directors and executives must also respect and be obedient to the organisation, its mission, by laws and policies as well as honouring all terms and conditions of other standards that will be appropriate such as laws, rules and regulations. This forms part of the duty of compliance. Moreover, directors have Duty to manage Accounts. The board members are responsible for the charities, financial stability and accountability. they do this by primarily establishing procedures to keep the organisation operating in a fiscal manner. Board members are obligated to honour the standards with regard to all decisions and actions. Furthermore, Due Diligence is the care that a reasonable person exercises under the circumstanced to avoid harm to other persons on their

Happiness in China Free Essays

string(48) " great economic growth in the past few decades\." Introduction This paper mainly focuses on Chinese happiness index and its influencing factors analysis. There are many things we are eager to get, such as freedom, money, promising job, reputation, etc. However, we do not pursuit these things themselves, what we want is the improvement of happiness. We will write a custom essay sample on Happiness in China or any similar topic only for you Order Now Those things have value only when they directly or indirectly promote the feeling of happiness. Gross national happiness (GNH) is an indicator that measures quality of life or social development in a scientific term. In the 1970s, the king of Bhutan proposed the concept of Gross National Happiness. He believed that government should aim to create happiness. The national happiness index should be improved including the factors both in the material and in the spiritual. The GNH index identifies four aspect of national happiness development: good governance, economic growth, cultural development and environmental protection (Hu, 2011). With the rapid development in China, the government takes the index to measure the national happiness. However, there is no exact quantitative definition about how many factors influence the GNH. The paper therefore will analyze the factors that impact China’s gross national happiness from social, economic and politic perspective. Social Factors The education system Education in China does not focus on the students’ practical ability and interests in studying. These schools focus on students’ test scores instead of the students’ potential. Teachers desire to have the top students rather than â€Å"bad students†. A student’s scores represent his or her personality. From elementary to high school, students have no elective courses. The teachers’ task is to teach students how to get high scores on the exams. The students are over stressed. They go to school about 6 o’clock in the morning, they stay up studying at night (Hu, 2011). It is impossible to become relax under such pressure. If students want to be admitted to top universities, they have to study hard. Studying is the only thing they need to do. The universities just require students’ outstanding scores from the college entrance exam. Therefore, a special group of students called returning students who re-attend classes after failing the college entrance exam. Many students re-attend high schools classes year after year until hey are admitted to a top university (Hu, 2011). The only scale to measure one’s capacity is the diploma. Furthermore, students would prepare the postgraduate examination in order to find a better job. From elementary to the college, students care for nothing except studying. The situation leads to a decreasing unhappiness index for China’s student and their parents (Hu, 2011). Qu ality of marriage In China, marriage is based on one’s family background, which is a significant factor that affects many couples of all ages. Even in modern times, a great number of young people in China will obey family arrangement. Oftentimes, if one’s family live in poor conditions, the party will be rejected by the other party’s family with an excuse ( Luo, 2009). Even in marriage, the couples have to struggle for their future, such as house, car, money. If the couple fails, they may divorce each other. Sometimes, the marriage may only be decided by the money not affection. This is the reason that the Chinese couple have a low happiness index in marriage( Luo, 2009). Social security system China’s social security system is not perfect and in the process of reformation. What is worse, the aging of society is the new pressure added on society security system. China’s population continues to grow. The expert predicted the total population will reach 1. 5 billion by the middle of the 21th century, and the elderly population will exceed 300 million. Due to the one-child policy, the common families have only one child. As a result, the number of retirees will continue to work to reduce the burden on their family (Hu, 2011). Furthermore, the ensure pension and medical insurance system is still incomplete in China. The members of family save money for the older family member not for traveling or entertaining. If someone is sick in family, it could make the whole family in dilemma (Hu, 2011). These situations place a heavy burden on younger generations. The young people have the responsibility to take care of the parents and to rise the next generation. The problem also increases the unhappiness index for Chinese life. There are so many social factors that influence the Chinese happiness index. China’s government should take measures to provide the people a higher quality environment for life to increase happiness index. Economic Factors The price of commodities In China, the price of commodities has risen significantly. It has gone beyond the income level of many common people. Housing price, especially, has gone too high in recent years (Orlik, 2013). Many people in China make every effort to earn money to buy a house. They work day and night. They give up the opportunity to travel. They dare not to have dinners in restaurants. They consider that whether they should buy clothes or not. All efforts are made to buy a house. Especially, people who borrow money from the banks are under a lot of pressure for repayment. Their mortgage payments are most part of their monthly salary so they do not have enough money to spend on other things. Even if they are not satisfied with the current work, they dare not to resign. Due to high housing prices, many people have become slaves to their houses and live under tremendous pressure in all aspects. To their surprise, the prices of houses have become much higher! It is awkward that a common person cannot afford a common house in China (Orlik, 2013). There is no doubt that the high commodities price is not good for the physical and mental health of the people. In order to have better living, the people pay the high cost. This situation is not beneficial for the improvement of happiness index in China (Orlik, 2013). Income Inequality China has great economic growth in the past few decades. You read "Happiness in China" in category "Papers" However, the average incomes are higher in urban areas than in rural areas. The phenomenon of income inequality is obvious in China(Finance and economics,2012). The income of the famers is mainly depended on the land, but the agricultural output is limited. They cannot become rich just by a few acres of land. A lot of rural residents abandoned their land and go into cites with nothing, these peasants are called migrant laborers. They can do are limited occupation due to the lack of professional skill. Women worked in labor-intensive goods and services with the minimum wages. Men worked as builders risking their lives. More badly, they may not be paid after the work is finished. Even through migrant laborers live in the same city with urban residents, their living conditions are totally different(Finance and economics,2012). The inequality income make the labors live in the bottom in the cities. However, migrant laborers still do not want to go home due to the worse living condition. These situations make migrant laborers have low happiness index(Finance and economics,2012). Opportunity of job The imbalance of employment between supply and demand exists in China. China is in the peak of the population, there are a lot of workers need jobs. For the rural laborers, they would like to go to urban for better life environment. The urban has an increasing pressure on employment because the surplus rural laborers move to urban. The rapid growth of new workers is far more than the growth of job creation. The situation is also confronted by the college graduates. The continuous development of Chinese higher education has produced hundreds and thousands of college graduates annually. Unemployed college graduates become a common phenomenon (Economy Watch, 2010). The unemployment problem influences the happiness index on Chinese people. More badly, it could lead to the social unstability. To solve this social problem, the government should make efforts for better employ environment (Economy Watch, 2010). Political factors Democracy Democracy is defined as the rule that manages state affairs according to the principle of equality, the minority is subordinate to the majority. The United States and European countries have very mature democracy. However, China is a developing country,much of the system is not perfect and it does not achieve a complete democracy. (Pei, 2013) In western countries, the separation of the powers is a political doctrine. It is divided into executive power, judicial power and legislative power. Even if the president commits crime, judicial independence can prosecute his action. For example, the former president of Taiwan who broke the law, an independent judiciary made trial for him (Kelly, 2013). While China implements the system of people’s congress and the Communist Party commands all the system, it produces the law privileges. They use the privilege to corrupt and the subordinate officials provide shelter for them. Furthermore, the phenomenon of bribery is very severe. Clerks pay bribes to get the ideal position. These situations result in people low happiness index (China daily, 2010). Freedom The political freedom involves many aspects including freedom of speech, freedom of assemble and freedom of vote and so on. These freedoms can regard as the sign of human right. The political freedom should be treated as the ultimate goal of Chinese political reform and development. Freedom of speech is the political right to communicate one’s opinions and ideas. While Chinese people almost have no rights, the speech against party or government is prohibited by the reality of media and the internet; Freedom of assembly is the individual right to come together and collectively express, promote, pursue and defend common interests. Due to the rule of one-party monopoly, the Communist Party of China do not allow to make other the parties or groups. In this way, the power is not restricted. The individual without organization’s management have no power to oppose it; Freedom of vote refer to every citizen has the freedom right to vote for a leader. As long as you have ability and ambitions, everyone has the opportunity to be leader. The candidates can introduce policies to get votes so that people will benefit. Unlike China, official is appointed behind the relationship or money (political right and freedom, 2013) The system of organization in China leads to those problems, which is the reason that the Chinese have less political freedom. The government should try to implement the multiple party coexist structure so that Chinese people can have real freedom. People could have a high happiness index in China. Equality The equality is a social state in which all people within a specific society have the same status in certain respects. The social equality includes equal rights under the law, such as security, voting rights, property rights, and equal access to education, health care and other social securities. It also includes equal opportunities and obligations. (Gay, 2013) In China, all kind of reasons cause to the inequality in many aspects. Such as, there are inequality relationships between superior and subordinate in official circle because of the lack of the voting system. It has the inequality of education distribution because the imbalance development of district economic. These situations lead to a decreasing unhappiness index in China’s community. Conclusion Based on the researches, this paper mainly carried on a study in Chinese happiness index via analyzing the influenced factors. The social, economic and politic factors were considered as the factors that have great influence on happiness index. In support of the basic result, this paper undertook a systematic analysis from these aspects. Ultimately, there is conclusion that all kinds of factors have a significant impact on happiness. Furthermore, considering the actual situation in China, the majority of population are middle and lower income workers, farmers, and unemployed. Their living standard determines the overall level of happiness in society. Therefore, it is very urgent and important to design proper policies to enhance these people’s happiness level. Several policy recommendations are put forward to the government to increase the citizen’s happiness index. First, it could be suggested to build a sound social system. The government should remain a primary priority to make Chinese residents get better education and satisfy their needs. And building a social security system protects the middle and lower income residents. In addition, the government should guide sustainable and stable development of economics. It is important to regulate wealth gap between rich and poor and control the excessive imbalance of income distribution. The government should also adjust economic structure and improve the demand capacity for labor to reduce unemployment. Finally, the politic factors have the lowest feeling of happiness in society. The government can reform and establish multi-party democratic constitutional system instead of one-party monopoly in china. The rights, free press, freedom of assembly and open elections, is the basic need of human beings for high happiness (Hu, 2012). Because of the constraint of time, this paper ignored some other factors when doing research. Furthermore, many countries have a higher level of happiness, such as some Nordic countries. We can compare Chinese economical, social and political data with those countries. Through comparison, we can detect some deeper reasons to guide our new research. References Centre For Bhutan Studies. (2013). Bhutan GNH index. Retrieved from http://www. grossnationalhappiness. com/articles/ CSR. (1998, October). The development research center of the state council of the People’s Republic of China. Retrieved from http://www. chinacsrmap. org/Org_Show_EN. asp? ID=133 China Daily. (2010, February). Retrieved from http://www. chinadaily. com. cn/china/2010npc/2010-02/09/content_9449872. htm Finance and economics. (2012). A new survey illuminates the extent of Chinese income inequality. Retrieved from http://www. economist. com/news/finance-and-economics/21568423-new-survey-illuminates-extent-chinese-income-inequality-each-not Gay, M. (2013). Equality center. Retrieved from http://www. hrc. org/the-hrc-story/equality-center Hu, A. (2011, February 24). China must measure happiness. Retrieved form http://www. chinadialogue. net/article/show/single/en/4130–China-must-measure-happiness- Hu,Z. (2012). Chinese Happiness index and its influencing factors analysis. Retrieved from https://docs. google. com/viewer? a=vq=cache:87W_oHEJOfMJ:kth. diva-portal. rg/smash/get/diva2:517428/FULLTEXT01+Chinese+Happiness+Index+and+Its+Influencing+Factors+Analysishl=zh-CNgl=uspid=blsrcid=ADGEEShbzAfX43ywu53VUiBsILTQM_2xIECL1yhLg0dKRhYpo8cyrWY_1dE6DcH4MqqAvZDp-CbZjTIuhHTZOZq2NjNO19gljUbgNwzp1GqoKkG7V4Fw58wu-95VtfDDqgpP6u2-9A5Esig=AHIEtbRIrzxH_PxOcD30dRfTyXFbz4oftg Kelly, M. (2013). Separate of powers. Retrieved from http://americanhistory. about. com/od/usconstitution/g/sep_of_powe rs. htm Luo, A. (2009, November 5). The differences between Western marriage and Chinese marriage i learnt. Retrieved from http://www. gzstuff. om/profiles/blogs/the-differences-between Orlik, T. (2013, January 16). Hope for home buyers in China. Retrieved form http://online. wsj. com/article/SB10001424127887324235104578242043338468974. html Political right and freedom. (2013). Retrieve from http://baike. baidu. com/view/512465. htm Pei, M. (2013, February 13). 5 ways China could become a democracy. Retrieved fromhttp://thediplomat. com/2013/02/13/5-ways-china-could-become-a-democracy/ Spiiker education group. (2012). High housing prices in China. Retrieved from http://www. spiiker. com/intensivereading-detail/intensivereading/24832789. html How to cite Happiness in China, Papers

Leadership Styles and Patient Safety for Nurses -myassignmenthelp

Question: Write about theLeadership Styles and Patient Safety for Nurses. Answer: Nurses play a major role in the health setting and the manner in which they are managed by their leaders affects their performance and patient outcomes. The nurse leaders have the responsibility of establishing a culture of patient safety and this is greatly influenced by the kind of leadership style they choose. Effective nurse managers ensure that the best resources and manpower are sufficiently utilized in order to realize optimal patient outcomes and quality of care. They use appropriate leadership styles to do so and also to attract and retain the top-performing nurses. There are various leadership styles that have a major impact on patient safety such as transactional, transformational, democratic, laissez-faire and authoritarianstyles (Frankel PGCMS, 2017). This essay will focus on transformational, transactional and laissez-faire types of leadership and the various ways they affect patient safety in healthcare. Patient safety is an important principle in healthcare and it refers to the reduction of risk of medical errors and negative effects to patients. It is a discipline that emphasizes mainly on safety in healthcare which is achieved through reduction, prevention and reporting of unnecessary errors that lead to adverse effects (World Health Organization, 2016). This is greatly influenced by the type of leadership style used by nurse leaders who are in a better position to control the healthcare environment. Generally, all leadership styles have their own place and a good leader ought to know the most appropriate one to be implemented at a particular situation. The chosen style has an impact on the nurses performance and this can be seen through patient satisfaction and safety, the levels of medication and recording errors, patient falls, hospital-acquired infedtions and patient mortality rates (Wong, 2015). According to James McGregor Burns, transformational leaders engage with their subordinates in a manner that both the leaders and followers boost one another to greater levels of morality and motivation (Fischer, 016). Therefore, transformational leadership can be defined as a style in which the leaders conduct inspires and transforms the followers. Leadership is by example. The leaders are proactive and motivate their followers to strive for greater performance. The followers feel encouraged to perform beyond the levels of expectations and to put the good of the organization before their self-interests. This style embraces inspirational motivation which entails the provision of a vision for the future by the leader to their followers and motivating them to exceed the levels of expectations. Additionally, it includes intellectual stimulation which replaces the conventional assumptions and beliefs with a novel culture. The leader is always concerned with the skills and needs of each of their followers and this can be termed as individualized consideration (Yoder-Wise, 2014). Transactional leadership is a style whereby the leader encourages compliance with rules amongst their followers using rewards and punishments. Those who follow the set rules and instructions and manage to achieve the set goals are rewarded appropriately. Conversely, those that fail to obey and achieve the set goals are punished. This style majorly focuses on supervision of followers, ensuring that the organization runs effectively and improving group achievements. The leader pays attention to the followers performance in order to find deviations or fault. Transactional leadership is suitable in times of crisis and emergency cases and also when highly detailed tasks need to be done in a specific manner (Lorber, Treven Mumel, 2016). In laissez-faire leadership, the leader gives little or no instructions or supervision and takes a hands-off approach. They prefer to let their followers do what they have to do on their own, probably believing that they will perform without guidance. Although it promotes independence, this style can have many adverse effects. First, crucial decisions are not made on time and positive changes rarely take place in the organization. Quality improvements are made only when the situation demands so. This approach is often used by inexperienced or new leaders who are still learning or by transitional leaders who believe that things will be dealt with by their incoming replacements (Lorber, Treven Mumel, 2016). The above leadership styles have different impacts on patient safety. To begin with, transformational leadership has been greatly associated with improved safety and reduced adverse effects in the healthcare setting. When this approach is used, things are done more carefully as followers are determined to go beyond the usual level of expectations. In a number of studies previously conducted, it has been related to reduced patient mortality rates as well as reduced medication errors (Vaismoradi,Griffiths, Turunen Jordan, 2016). The style has also been related to reduced patient falls. Additionally, studies have reported that this style is related to fewer cases of hospital-acquired infections. Patients tend to receive quality carein a safe climate. It has also been identified with increased patient satisfaction in the home health care and acute care settings. Since the leader leads by example and motivates followers to exceed their expected levels of performance, there is reduced sta ff turnover trends as compared to other styles. Generally, it has been considered to be a style that has positive contributions to a safer climate in healthcare (Hutchinson Jackson, 2013). On the other hand, the laissez-faire style of leadership has been seen to have a negative effect on unit socialization as it cultivates a culture of blame among the followers. Subsequently, this has a negative effect on patient safety. Due to the lack of directions and supervision, there are several cases of medication errors, patient falls and hospital-acquired infections (Merril, 2015). Transactional leadership has its focus on the reward system of nursing tasks instead of the holistic nature of organizing, facilitating and communicating evidence-based care. The focus shifts from patient safety and outcomes and followers are determined to complete the assigned tasks and acquire the conceptualized reward. This style may put the patients safety at risk and its effectiveness has not been proven in the provision of quality care. Besides this, the positive effects of transactional leadership are short-lived and the leader only intervenes when something goes wrong (Wong, Cummings Duchar me, 2013). However, in a case where the transactional leader sets clear expectations for their subordinates, this style plays a significant role in engaging the nurses in patient safety efforts. It also helps to ensure that the followers adhere to the set safety policies since obedience calls for a reward. An effective transactional leader is vigilant and monitors performance to ensure that there are no conditions that endanger the patients safety (Grossman Valiga, 2016). In conclusion, the essay has discussed on the transformational, transactional and laissez-faire types of leadership and the various ways they affect patient safety in healthcare. In this case, it is the role of nurse leaders to ensure that patient safety is upheld. To this end, they need to choose the most suitable style of leadership and as evidently seen, transformational leadership is the most effective. The transformational leadership conduct of nurse leaders will encourage the staffs attitude towards safety guidelines and this will influence their compliance with patient safety practices. In return, there will be reduced patient mortality, erroneous medication, patient falls and hospital-acquired infections. On the other hand, laissez-faire style of leadership has a negative effect on patient safety. Transactional leadership can promote patient safety if appropriately used and when the leaders are vigilant and strict enough to ensure that safety guidelines are adhered to. A good leader should know when to use a certain leadership style by first assessing the situation and then determining the best style. References Fischer, S. A. (2016). Transformational leadership in nursing: a concept analysis. Journal of advanced nursing, 72(11), 2644-2653. Frankel, A., PGCMS, R. (2017). What leadership styles should senior nurses develop? Hospital, 10 00. Grossman, S., Valiga, T. M. (2016). The new leadership challenge: Creating the future of nursing. FA Davis. Hutchinson, M, M., Jackson, D. (2013). Transformational leadership in nursing: towards a more critical interpretation. Nursing inquiry, 20(1), 11-22. Lorber, M., Treven, S., Mumel, D. (2016). The Examination of Factors Relating to the Leadership Style of Nursing Leaders in Hospitals. Our economy, 62(1), 27-36. Merril, K. C. (2015). Leadership style and patient safety: implications for nurse managers. Journal of Nursing Administration, 45(6), 319-324. Vaismoradi, M., Griffiths, P., Turunen, H., Jordan, S. (2016). Transformational leadership in nursing and medication safety education: a discussion paper. Journal of nursing management, 24(7), 970-980. World Health Organization. (2016). Patient safety assessment manual. Wong, C. A. (2015). Connecting nursing leadership and patient outcomes: state of the science. Journal of nursing management, 23(3), 275-278. Wong, C. A., Cummings, G. G., Ducharme, L. (2013). The relationship between nursing leadership and patient outcomes: a systematic review update. Journal of nursing management, 21(5), 709-724. Yoder-Wise, P. S. (2014). Leading and Managing in Nursing-E-Book. Elsevier Health Sciences.